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WINDOWS SEVER


Windows Server is a brand name for a group of server operating systems released by Microsoft. It includes all Windows operating systems that are branded "Windows Server", but not any other Microsoft product. The first Windows server edition to be released under that brand was Windows Server 2003. However, the first server edition of Windows was Windows NT 3.1 Advanced Server, followed by Windows NT 3.5 Server, Windows NT 4.0 Server, and Windows 2016 Server; the latter was the first server edition to include Active Directory, DNS Server, DHCP Server, Group Policy, as well as many other popular features used today.

1. Insert the Windows Server 2016 DVD, and once you get the following message press Enter to boot from the setup

2. Wait for a while till the setup loads all necessary files (Depending on your machine, it will take couple of minutes



3- Once the setup files are loaded, the setup will start with the following screen. You can change these to meet your needs (the default values should be fine for now.











4- Once you click Next, you can start the installation, click "Install now"




5- You will see the following screen, wait until it finishes loading



6- In the following setup screen, you will see four options. Select Windows Server 2012 DataCenter Evaluation (Server With GUI).



7- After you click Next from previous screen, Read the License terms, tick the "I accept the license terms" and click Next



8- Now It will ask you for the drive (or partition) you want to install Windows on. Here I'm installing it on the one partition I have here. NOTE: This will remove the content of the partition. Either you create a partition to install windows on, or you can test this on a testing machine


9- Now once we picked our partition, clicking on next from previous screen will start the setup. This process might take a while.


10- Once the setup is done, it will restart and start your Windows Server 2012 for the first time. It will ask you then to set up a password for the Administrator user




11- The setup will finalize your settings, might take a couple of minutes



12- Once the setup is done, you can log in for the first time to your Windows Server, as thescreen says, press Ctrl+Alt+Delete to log in, and use the password you set in the setup process



13 - Once you Log in, Windows Server 2012 will show the Server Manager At 



SHOW DESKTOP ICON

 












                                First Click Server Manager            Dashboard          Add Roles and features





                                                                        Click Next
                                                                          Click Next

                                                                         Click Next


                                                                            Click Next

                Click Desktop Experience                              Install


Desktop Right Click   => Personalize. 





1.      What are the improvements in windows server 2016?                                                       

Ans: Improvements in Windows Server 2016

Windows Server 2016 has a variety of new features, including in below-

1. Nano Server

Microsoft announced a new installation option, Nano Server, which offers a minimal-footprint headless version of Windows Server. It excludes the graphical user interface.

2. Storage Services

Storage Replica replicates blocks instead of files; files can be in use. It's not multi-master, not one-to-many and not transitive. It periodically replicates snapshots, and the replication direction can be changed.

3. Even more powerful Hyper-V

Hyper-V Server has allowed us to add virtual hardware or adjust the allocated RAM to a virtual machine. However, those changes historically required that we first power down the VM. In Windows Server 2016, we can now "hot add" virtual hardware while VMs are online and running. I was able to add an additional virtual network interface card (NIC) to my running Hyper-V virtual machine.

4. PowerShell 5 is here

Windows Server 2016 comes with the Windows Management Framework 5.1, and that includes the latest version of PowerShell. Leveraging the .NET Framework 4.6, PowerShell 5 comes with several new features, including new cmdlets for managing local users and groups, as well as a new Get-Computer Info cmdlet which can dump detailed information on the system.

5. Nested Virtualization

Nested virtualization refers to the capability of a virtual machine to itself host virtual machines. This has historically been a "no go" in Windows Server Hyper-V, but we finally have that ability in Windows Server 2016.Nested virtualization makes sense when a business wants to deploy additional Hyper-V hosts and needs to minimize hardware costs

 

2.      What is Active directory? Discuss the structure of active directory.                                  

Ans: Active Directory is a Directory Service that is used by the Windows Domain Networks and is developed by Microsoft. Active Directory is available in all the Windows Server Operating Systems as it is a Service. Active Directory is a Centralized System that manages computers and other devices on a network. It is specially designed for distributed networking environments. Active Directory has all the Information about all the objects - Users, Computers, Resources like Printers, Shared Folder/ Files, in an organization's network. It is a software to arrange, store information and provides access and permissions based on that information. It is used to authenticate/authorize the Users, computers, resources which is a part of a network.

 

Active Directory Structure has three main tires:

 Domain - A domain can be defined as a legitimate group of network objects (users, computers, devices) that share the equivalent Active Directory database.

 Trees - A tree is a combination of one, or it can be more than one domain and domain trees in an approximal namespace, connected in a transitive trust hierarchy.

 Forests - In the Structure, the topmost is the Forest. A forest is a combination of trees that share the same logical structure, directory schema, global catalog, and directory configuration. The forest shows the security boundary within which groups, computers, users, other objects are accessible.

Container is a special type of object used to organize Active Directory. It does not represent anything physical, like a user or a system. Instead, it is used to group other objects. Container objects can be nested within other containers.

3.      What is DNS? How many types of DNS zone in active directory 2016? Describes it.         

Ans:  DNS: Domain Name Servers (DNS) are the Internet’s equivalent of a phone book. They maintain a directory of domain names and translate them to Internet Protocol (IP) addresses. This is necessary because, although domain names are easy for people to remember, computers or machines, access websites based on IP addresses. DNS Port Number is 53

 

Types of Zones in DNS-

There are three types of Zone in active directory 2016.

1. Primary Zone.

2. Secondary Zone.

3. Stub Zone.

1. Primary Zone: Primary zone is the read write copy of zone, this mean that if this zone answers the query then it is an authoritative answer. There should be only one copy of this zone in network. In Primary zone the file is saved as normal text file with filename(.dns)

 2. Secondary Zone:

It maintains a read only copy of zone database on another DNS server. Also, its acts as a backup server to primary server by providing fault tolerance and load balancing.

 3. Stub Zone:

To understand stub zone suppose you have users in your network which are continuously accessing your business partner’s network, printer and other resources and this network is not manage by you. Also you don’t have idea about their DNS zone and other network architecture. Then it good to create a stub zone for these queries, which only contain the enough information to send your client to your partner’s DNS so that other DNS resolve your 

 What is DHCP? How DHCP works? Discuss the conversation of DHCP.                             

ANS: DHCP Stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. It’s an application layer protocol used by hosts or computers to obtaining setup information. Its goal is to assign unique IP Address to our hosts, it also provides other network addresses such as the subnet mask, default gateway, and the DNS Address.

How DHCP Works-

 When we turn our PC on and if it doesn't have any address it looks for DHCP server. The pc will send a request to the server, called a DHCPDISCOVER request. When a DHCP server receives a DHCPDISCOVER request from a client PC, which is an IP address request, the DHCP server reserves an IP address for the client and makes a lease offer by sending a DHCPOFFER message to the client.  Once the offer has been made for the chosen IP address, the device responds to the DHCP server with a DHCPREQUEST packet to accept it. If the server decides that the device cannot have the IP address, it will send a DHCPACK packet to the client. This packet includes the lease duration and any other configuration information that the client might have requested. At this point, the IP configuration process is complete.

 

5.      What is IIS? Write down the version of IIS.                                                              1+4=5

What is IIS:  IIS stands for Internet Information Services This is one of the most powerful web servers from Microsoft that runs on Windows Systems to host requested Web application. You can Host Web and FTP sites using IIS Server.IIS comes with Microsoft Windows. The work of IIS web server is to accept requests from the remote system and returns the proper response.IIS Server has its own process engine to handle the requests from the client systems.

Versions of IIS Server

IIS 1.0 was initially released for Windows NT 3.51.IIS 2.0 comes with Windows NT 4.0.

IIS 3.0 - Windows NT 4.0 (Service pack 2)

IIS 4.0 - Windows NT 4.0.

IIS 5.0 - Windows 2000.

IIS 5.1 - Windows XP Professional.

IIS 6.0 - Windows Server 2003 and Windows XP Professional x64 Edition.

IIS 7.0 - Windows Server 2008

IIS 7.5 - Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2.

IIS 8.0 - Windows Server 2012 and Windows 8.

IIS 8.5 - Windows Server 2012 R2 and Windows 10.

IIS 10 - Windows Server 2016 and Windows 10-Includes support for HTTP/2

 

 

6.      De-abbreviate the following:                                                                                     1x5=5

(a)    FQDN         = fully qualified domain name

(b)   IIS              = Internet Information Services

(c)    ADDS         = Active Directory Domain Services

(d)   OU             = organizational unit

(e)    GPO           = Group Policy Object

7.      Fill in the gaps:                                                                                                                        

(a)    Linux is 10x times faster than windows.

(b)   Windows server 2016 have 03 main product edition.

(c)    Minimum 32 GB Disk Space Requirement for installing win server 2016.

(d)   Active Directory Structure has 03 main tires.

DC stand for Domain Controller








































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